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Даминев И.И., Даминев И.И.

 Даминев Ильгиз Инсафович - адвокат,

Негосударственная некоммерческая организация

«Адвокатская палата Республики Татарстан», г. Казань;

Даминев Искандер Ильгизович - студент,

кафедра теории и истории государства и права, юридический факультет,

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования

Башкирский государственный университет, г. Уфа

Аннотация: в статье рассматриваются основные налоги, существовавшие в Волжской Булгарии доисламского периода  (IX – начало Х в.). Основной податью являлся подомной налог, который регулярно взимался с соплеменников. Предметом данного налога являлись меха, скот и лошади и пр. Волжская Булгария вынуждена была ежегодно с каждого двора собирать для хазарского кагана дополнительную подать в виде соболиной шкуры. Также в государственную казну от подвластных разноязычных племён поступала дань. Возможно, полюдье или повоз являлись единственными способами сбора налогов. Главными источниками о податях в государстве волжских булгар языческого периода являются арабские авторы Ибн Русте и Ибн Фадлан.

Ключевые слова: Волжская Булгария, дань, казна, налог, подать, полюдье.  

Список литературы

  • Алихова А.Е. К вопросу о буртасах // Советская этнография, 1949. № 1. С. 48-57.
  • Буртасы. Исчезнувший народ. [Электронный ресурс https://olster28.livejournal.com/312927.html">https://olster28.livejournal.com/312927.html/ (дата обращения 22.08.2021).
  • Ветры Великих Булгар. Легенды, предания, баиты и исторические материалы./ Составление, подготовка текста и частичный перевод С.М. Гилязутдинова. Казань: Панорама – Библиотека журнала «Казань», 1992. № 11-12. 64 с.
  • История России с древнейших времён до наших дней: учебник / А.Н. Сахаров, А.Н. Боханов, В.А. Шестаков; под ред. А.Н. Сахарова. М.: Проспект, 2012. 768 с.
  • История татар с древнейших времён. В 7 т. Т. II: Волжская Булгария и Великая Степь. Казань: РухИЛ, 2006. 960 с.

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Даминев И.И., Даминев И.И. ОСНОВНЫЕ НАЛОГИ ВОЛЖСКОЙ БУЛГАРИИ ДОИСЛАМСКОГО ПЕРИОДА (IX – НАЧАЛО Х В.)// Вопросы науки и образования № 24(149), 2021 - [Электронный ресурс]. URL:https://scientificpublication.ru/images/PDF/2021/149/osnovnye-nalogi.pdf(Дата обращения: ХХ.VIII.20Х1).

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Gaybiyeva Sh.А.

Gaybiyeva Shaxnoz Abdulloyevna – Assistant,

DEPARTMENT OF PROPAEDEUTIC OF CHILDHOOD DISEASES,

BUKHARA STATE MEDICAL INSTITUTE, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Abstract: the article raises the question of modern views on the pathogenesis and algorithms for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in children. The close relationship of violations of the morpho functional state of the hepatobiliary system and the pancreas with the development of hormonal and metabolic disorders is shown.

Keywords: metabolic syndrome, obesity, children.

References

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  • Hamdamov B.Z. Optimization of methods of local treatment of purulent-necrotic lesions of the foot in diabetes mellitus //A new day in medicine, 2018. № 4. Р. 24.
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  • Juraeva Kh.I. Badridinova B.K., Kadirov B.S., Majidova M.A., Yakhyaeva Kh.Sh., Negmatullaeva M.A., Amonov M.K. Frequency of meeting the main components of the metabolic syndrome during disturbance of different phases of glycemic curve.// Academicia: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal. Vol 9. № 1, 2019. Р. 20-22.
  • Khamdamov B.Z. et al. Method of prevention of postoperative complications of surgical treatment of diabetic foot syndrome //European science review, 2018. № 9-10-2. Р. 194-196.
  • Khamdamov B.Z. et al. The role and place laser photodynamic therapy in prevention postoperative complication at treatment of diabetic foot syndrome // Applied Sciences: challenges and solutions, 2015. Р. 27-31.
  • Khamdamov B.Z., Nuraliev N.A. Pathogenetic approach in complex treatment of diabetic foot syndrome with critical lower limb ischemia // American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2020. Т. 10. № 1. Р. 17-24.
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Gaybiyeva Sh.А.METABOLIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN (LITERATURE REVIEW)// Вопросы науки и образования № 25(150), 2021 - [Электронный ресурс]. URL:https://scientificpublication.ru/images/PDF/2021/150/metabolic-syndrome.pdf (Дата обращения: ХХ.VIII.20Х1).

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Амброси Г.Г.

Амброси Григоре Георге – доктор технических наук, доцент,

департамент транспорта,

Технический университет Молдовы, г. Кишинев, Республика Молдова

Аннотация: в статье разрабатываются методологические основы аудита систем общественного транспорта (АСОТ). Предложена логическая структура процесса аудита сетей общественного транспорта, обозначены критерии оценки и важнейшие характеристики компонентов аудита.

Ключевые слова: аудит, оценка, методология, транспорт, услуга, показатель, критерий, качество.

Список литературы

  • Каширская Л.В., Ситнов А.А. Концепция аудита XXI века. Вектор развития. Межвузовская монография. М.: Юнити-Дана, 271 с.
  • Ситнов А.А. Операционный аудит. М.: КноРус, 2021. 224 с.
  • Ситнов А.А. Аудит информационных систем.М.: Юнити-Дана, 239 с.
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  • Ваксман С.А. Аудит транспортных систем городов и стадийность проектирования их развития // Материалы XI международной научно-практической конференции по транспортным системам. Екатеринбург, С.4-9.
  • Ambrosi G. Aspecte privind auditul sistemelor de transport public // Administrația Publică. № 4 (76). p.67-72.
  • Скирковский С.В. Городской наземный маршрутизированный транспорт: решения по организации перевозок. Гомель: БелГУТ, 2019. 174 с.
  • Ларин О.Н. Организация пассажирских перевозок. Челябинск: Изд-во Южно-Уральск. гос.ун-та, 2005. 104 с.
  • Овечников Е.В., Фишельсон М.С. Городской транспорт. Учебник для вузов. М.: Высшая школа, 1976. 352 стр.
  • Худяков В. Исследование оценки качества обслуживания пассажиров городским транспортом в Риге до 2018 года // Research and Technology – Step into the Future, Vol. 2. № 2. Р. 5-14.
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  • Сирина Н.В., Потапова Е.В., Якимова Е.М. Экологический аудит: учебное пособие. Иркутск: изд-во Иркут. ун-та, 2010. 109 с.

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Амброси Г.Г. МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ АУДИТА СИСТЕМ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ТРАНСПОРТА // Вопросы науки и образования № 24(149), 2021 - [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://scientificpublication.ru/images/PDF/2021/149/metodologicheskie-osnovy.pdf(Дата обращения: ХХ.VIII.20Х1).

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Davlatov S.S. 

Davlatov Salim Sulaymonovich – PhD, Assistant Professor,

DEPARTMENT OF FACULTY AND HOSPITAL SURGERY, UROLOGY,

STATE MEDICAL INSTITUTE, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Abstract: the review addresses the issues of etiology and pathogenesis, classification and treatment of such complications of diabetes mellitus as diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). The role of micro- and macroangiopathy, peripheral diabetic neuropathy, foot deformities and infection of damaged tissues as the main factors in the development of DFS is characterized.

Keywords: diabetic foot syndrome, purulent-necrotic complications, treatment.

 References

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  • Babakhanova D.M. (2008). Features of the course of acute ischemic neuropathy of the optic nerve head against the background of diabetes mellitus. Problems of Biology and Medicine. 2 (1). 94 [in Russian].
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  • Khamdamov B.Z. (2020). Indicators of immunocitocine status in purulent-necrotic lesions of the lover extremities in patients with diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 10(7). 473-478.
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  • Rakhimova D.A., Tilloeva S.S. Study a comparative analysis of the relationship between disorders quality of life and psychoemotional status of patients at different steps of severity of bronchial asthma relating to arterial hypertension and efficiency of various modes of complex therapy // Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR), 2019. Т. 8. № 10. Р. 5-10.
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Davlatov S.S.  THE REVIEW OF THE FORM OF NEUROPATHIC DIABETIC FOOT// Вопросы науки и образования № 24 (149), 2021 - [Электронный ресурс]. URL:https://scientificpublication.ru/images/PDF/2021/149/the-review-of-the-form.pdf (Дата обращения: ХХ.VIII.20Х1).

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